2016 Nobel Prize in Chemistry - Molecular Machines

The 2016 Nobel Prize in Chemistry is awarded to Jean-Pierre Sauvage (University of Strasbourg, France), Sir J. Fraser Stoddart (Northwestern Univeristy, Illinois, USA), and Bernard L. Feringa (University of Groningen, the Netherlands) for the design and synthesis of molecular machines. What Are Molecular Machines and Why Are They Important? Molecular machines are molecule that move in a certain way or perform a task when given energy. At this point in time, miniscule molecular motors are at the same level of sophistication as electric motors in the 1830s. As scientists refine their understanding of how to get molecules to move in certain way, they pave the future for using the tiny machines to store energy, make new materials, and detect changes or substances. What Do The Nobel Prize Winners Win? The winners of this years Nobel Prize in Chemistry each receive a Nobel Prize medal, an elaborately decorated award, and prize money. The 8 million Swedish krona will be split equally between the laureates. Understand the Achievements Jean-Pierre Sauvage laid the groundwork for the development of molecular machines in 1983 when he formed the molecular chain called catenane. The significance of catenane is that its atoms were linked by mechanical bonds rather than traditional covalent bonds, so the parts of the chain could be more easily opened and closed. In 1991, Fraser Stoddard moved ahead when he developed a molecule called a rotaxane. This was a molecular ring on an axle. The ring could be made to move along the axle, leading to the inventions of molecular computer chips, molecular muscles, and a molecular lift. In 1999, Bernard Feringa was the first person to devise a molecular motor. He formed a rotor blade and demonstrated he could make all of the blades spin in the same direction. From there, he moved on to design a nanocar. Natural Molecules Are Machines Molecular machines have been known in nature. The classic example is a bacterial flagellum, which moves the organism forward. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry recognizes the significance of being able to design tiny functional machines from molecules and the importance of making a molecular toolbox from which humanity can build more intricate miniature machines. Where does the research go from here? Practical applications of nanomachines include smart materials, nanobots that deliver drugs or detect diseased tissue, and high-density memory.

How to Say Negative Commands in Italian

Throughout childhood, we grow up hearing negative commands. Our parents say phrases, like Dont bother your brother!, Stop yelling!, Dont forget to do your homework!, or Don’t make a mess! And even though our intention isn’t to learn Italian so we can yell negative commands at our children, knowing how to use them in Italian can prove useful, particularly in situations like giving advice to a friend about a guy that sounds like trouble or suggesting that someone not eating something unhealthy. But first, where do these negative commands come from? The Imperative Mood The imperative mood is a way of giving advice, suggestions, or commands. If you need a refresher, read this article: The Imperative Mood in Italian. When it comes using this mood, the form of the verb depends on whether you use the â€Å"tu† form, the â€Å"lei† form, the â€Å"noi† form, and the â€Å"voi† form, which I’ll break down below. Negative Commands Using the â€Å"tu† Form The negative tu command forms of all verbs are formed by the infinitive of the verb preceded by non: Non dire cosà ¬! - Don’t talk like that!Non fare il guastafeste! - Don’t be a party-pooper!Non mangiare quell’hamburger! Non à ¨ sano. - Don’t eat that hamburger! It’s not healthy. But what happens when you start to add some more complicated elements to the mix, like pronouns, for example? Non andarci! - Don’t go there!Non glielo dare! / Non darglielo! - Dont give it to him!Non ne parlare mai pià ¹! - Don’t bring it up ever again! If you’re dealing with reflexive verbs, you would either place the pronoun at beginning or at the end of the conjugated verb, like: Non ti preoccupare! / Non preoccuparti! - Don’t worry!Non ti addormentare. / Non addormentarti. - Don’t fall asleep.Non ti sposare! / Non sposarti! - Don’t get married! Negative Commands Using the â€Å"lei† Form The negative â€Å"lei† command is formed by placing â€Å"non† before the verb that’s been conjugated in the imperative mood. Non parli! - Don’t speak!Non mangi quel piatto. - Don’t eat that dish.Non parta! - Don’t leave!Non creda (a) quello che dice lui! - Don’t believe what he says! Negative Commands Using the â€Å"noi† and â€Å"voi† Forms The negative â€Å"noi† and â€Å"voi: command forms of all verbs are formed simply by placing non before the affirmative forms: Voi Non dormite! - Don’t sleep!Non fate rumore! - Don’t make a sound!Non parlate! - Don’t speak!Non fumate! - Don’t smoke!Non andate in quel mercato per fare la spesa, andate in un altro. - Don’t go to that store to do the shopping, go to a different one. Noi Non dormiamo! - Let’s not sleep.Non facciamo rumore. - Let’s not make any noise.Non andiamo in quel mercato per fare la spesa, andiamo in un altro. - Let’s not go to that store to do the shopping, let’s go to a different one. Tip: Notice how the â€Å"noi† form is less seen as a command and more often seen as a suggestion.

Write Your Response to the First Chapter of Enduring Love by Ian Mcewan Free Essays

Write your response to the first chapter of â€Å"Enduring Love† â€Å"The beginning is simple to mark. † – The first line of the novel is designed to hook readers and it does. The use of the word â€Å"beginning† begs the question, the beginning of what? Instantly capturing our interests, it also shows the significance of the event as coupled with the word â€Å"simple† it shows complexity surrounding this mysterious, forthcoming event, again capturing our interests, and it shows the narrator has replayed this event a number of times to himself to of found the exact moment where everything began. We will write a custom essay sample on Write Your Response to the First Chapter of Enduring Love by Ian Mcewan or any similar topic only for you Order Now I believe it is a rather cliche opening to a novel but with McEwan being the author he manages to make it is an effective cliche. McEwan, through the introduction of characters and detail, instantly introduces the subject of class into the novel and so sets the backdrop for the novel. With a bottle of 1987 Daumas Gassac and a name like Clarissa that holds the connotations of wealth and luxury we are told of the class and lifestyle surrounding who we assume are the main characters. With the narrative voice in chapter one of the novel focusing on thought and detail and not emotion it introduces a rather robotic character in Joe. We get to know him quickly and quite intimately as the novel is written as though he is talking to straight to us. We are shown the absence of feeling in him which is replaced by the almost irrational use of logic he uses. For me, too much emphasis is put on the scientific part of Joe, we are told his mind works in a scientific way and it is made apparent that he is very intelligent but this is drilled into the readers head over and over again until it becomes potentially irritating and monotonous. There is no human being behind the voice, he observes in very close detail everything around him but does not feel a great deal about it. Joe’s need for detail to perhaps eliminate some of the guilt that he feels at this stage of the novel is repeated to the extent that it becomes almost obsessive. The relationship between Joe and Clarissa is intriguing. They are both at opposite ends of a spectrum, with Joe being an unemotional, rational and obsessive scientist it is worlds apart from Clarissa, who is an artist and relies heavily on emotion. Despite being together for seven years, the two are too different to be compatible in a much longer term, they think in different ways and appear to not have a lot of common ground.. In the first chapter the focus is on the balloon accident but when it becomes apparent that this is not the main event in the novel the only other thing we have been given to focus on is the relationship between the pair which is interesting and dare I say it, it makes the reader want to read on. The setting for the opening scene is a blank canvas; the field in which the accident takes place is simple and lets the accident take the forefront of the story. The simplicity gives way for more complex events but the serenity of the scene which is then interrupted by a tragic accident is significant in that it could be a metaphor for the rest of novel. Joe and Clarissa are quite happy together in the beginning and have been for some time but as the story unfolds and Jed, like the balloon, crashes into their relationship, cracks begin to show and disaster strikes. McEwan uses a lot of delay techniques in the first chapter. I find he delays the events to the point of near boredom. Although what he writes is interesting it is repetitive and nauseatingly pretentious. The majority of the chapter is McEwan making his presence felt, the narrative voice changes from being Joe to being McEwan and back to Joe again. There are too many complex paragraphs that have barely any relevance to the novel other than to show how intelligent McEwan is. However despite not particularly enjoying the first chapter of â€Å"Enduring Love†, McEwan achieves his initial objective, to intrigue the reader. How to cite Write Your Response to the First Chapter of Enduring Love by Ian Mcewan, Papers

Ethical Issues For IT Personnel Security †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: What is the Ethical Issues for IT Personnel Security? Answer: Introduction The ethical issues entails the following: Privacy and confidentiality of the users information, Integrity -- assuring that data and programs are not modified without proper authority, Unimpaired service delivery, Consistency -- ensuring that the data and behavior that is visible is the same over and over again and finally the aspect of Controlling access to resources. Authentication entails a process where the users engages in verification of their identity hence it deals with the problem of determination and the decision of whether or not the user should be allowed to gain access to a particular given system. I am not supposed to read the private emails of the network users just because I can to avoid violating independence and confidentiality of the individuals. The compromise of the employee information is experienced whenever there is interfering with the database of the workers. It is not okay to read the employees email as a security measure because it leads to violation of the rights of individual. The systems of internal control are the one assigned the responsibility of checking leakage of information. The company policy contains provision that the client computer can be checked thoroughly incase fraud is detected the employees should not be allowed to know that their emails have been read because it is necessary to disclose the same. Ethical issues for it security professionals in Herman Australia (1). It is necessary to monitor the websites that the network users are using in order to curtail the pornographic sites and other malicious actions by the users. The detrimental aspect of keeping the log of visited sites is deemed necessary ensuring that the internet and network is not perpetrating criminal actions. There is need to check the logs of all the visited checks thus it is negligent not monitor such Internet usage by the intention that violates its usage. It is not okay to place key loggers on the machines with the intention of capturing everything the user types. This action amounts to a lot of work and instead that time could have been utilized in productive capacity. The users should not be informed in case there is use of cc TV camera because it is monitoring to detect the improper usage of the network without their consent. The screen capture programs are not necessary as this is using a lot of resources where physical observation could have been used. The users should not be informed in order to notice the violators as well as the access of websites that are disallowed. It is very much okay to check the computer Management and the documents that are stored on the file server to determine whether they are the cause of the problem or have any harmful content. The graphics can be checked in this case scenario to get the content and type of information that is hidden in the directories whether it is of harmful nature or discouraged. The information technology expert is authorized to read the current documents being used as at that time by the users of the computers (2). Supposed the client confronts me in an attempt to save money by cutting out some measures pertaining to the security that I recommend I will avoid from engaging in any contractual arrangement with that particular client because he/she can make be terminated from the employment. In case the client is not cooperating even where I have offered further explanation on the same issue the resulting solution is to call for a senior most authority to deal with the matter at hand. The configuration of the network is not to be conducted in a less secure manner and which entails exposure to the third party. References (1) D. Shinder, Ethical Issues for IT security professionals, Herman: Parker, 2015. https://www.computerworld.com/article/2557944/security0/ethical-issues-for-it-securityprofessionals. (2)M. Vincent, et al. The information technology expert is authorized to read the current documents being used as at that time by the users of the computers, B. M. New York: Institution of computer pros, 2015, pp.289-315.